Exploring Naive Misconceptions
A couple of years ago when I was teaching sixth graders, I took the kids on a science field trip to gather samples of water from a local stream so that we could gauge the water quality. We chartered a bus to take us from the mouth of our local river, the one the kids see flowing through the city center, back up toward the source.
The Chena River empties into the Tanana near the airport. So we rode over toward the airport and found a spot to park and get water samples. The kids kept notebooks for the data they gathered. We got back on the bus and traveled up the river to another location, did the same thing again, and so on, all the way out of town and up to the recreation area east of town where the river is narrow and fast. We don’t have many rivers around here with roads next to them, so this was a convenient chance to give my town-kid students an overview of a local watershed. ‘Watershed’ was a concept we discussed before-hand, along with a lot of other information about ecology and geography.
In the afternoon, around 2:00, we came to a place where the river narrowed and was tumbling over rocks and riffles. Large gravel bars were exposed on the inside bends. Out on one of these open areas, the kids poked sticks at smelly dead salmon carcasses which typically wash up on the rocks after the fall run. Someone found a bear track in the mud. Another kid picked up a stick that had been chewed by a beaver. There were all sorts of things to do and see besides the river water they sampled. Most of them had never been this far upriver (40 miles).
On the bus headed back to school, one young lady remarked, “I never knew that the river gets smaller later in the day.” I looked at her carefully. She wasn’t joking. She was making a generalization based on her limited experience. She’d formed a naive misconception. I was amazed, but glad for the chance to wonder about how important guidance and talk is in making sense of experience, which brings me to the point of this little reflection.
Students aren’t the only ones in school who suffer from limited knowledge and naive misconceptions. I’m only now beginning to appreciate my own woeful lack of understanding of the rhetoric that surrounds discussions about achievement gaps and accountability. I’ve never been a supporter of standardized testing, and when NCLB began to grow teeth I told my principal that it would result in a lot of spilled blood and finger-pointing. And so it has. But all along I thought that this was somehow a “mistake,” a bad decision that would have unintended negative consequences. The rhetoric of equality and equal opportunity for underprivileged populations sounded sincere and well-meaning, even if the law didn’t deliver those results. Now, however, I’ve begun to question the intention behind the rhetoric, and examine my own naive misconceptions.
The more I learn, the more I realize how little I know. I need to follow some of these ideas - new to me - back to their source, and so will probably share this little journey here as I map the territory for myself.
Neal Postman:
Of all the disciplines that might be included in the curriculum, semantics is certainly among the most “basic.” Because it deals with the processes by which we make and interpret meaning, it has great potential to affect the deepest levels of student intelligence. And yet semantics is rarely mentioned when “back to the basics” is proposed. Why? My guess is that it cuts too deep. To adapt George Orwell, many subjects are basic but some are more basic than others. Such subjects have the capability of generating critical thought and of giving students access to questions that get to the heart of the matter. This is not what “back to the basics” advocates usually have in mind. They want language technicians, people who can follow instructions, write reports clearly, spell correctly. There is certainly ample evidence that the study of semantics will improve the writing and reading of students. But it invariably does more. It helps students to reflect on the sense and truth of what they are writing and of what they are told. It emphasizes the manifold ways in which language can distort reality. It assists students in becoming what Charles Weingartner and I once called “crap detectors.”
-from Technopoly, (p. 195)
Substitute the word, teachers, for students, and it still sounds right. Many of the themes that Postman raised in this dystopian view of technology’s influence on our language and culture are echoed in a post from Susan Ohanian yesterday, in which David Hursh outlines the effects of neoliberalism, which is at the root of the education reform discourse that has dominated the conversation about schools for the last few decades.
I’ve needed a frame to make sense of news articles, such as the one that appeared in our local paper today, in which readers are told
The students spend time reading in small groups or individually and are given research-based instruction by specially-trained tutors. Students are tracked and assessed throughout the year so that individual needs can be met.
What the hell does that mean? I know what it is. And I know what it sounds like, and they aren’t the same. Those “specially trained tutors” aren’t teachers. I’m curious about the “training” they got. Meeting the “individual needs” is code for deciding which level to “put the kids” in the program.
Both Postman and Hursh have plenty to say about how language and technology has shaped our thinking about “scientific management,” and efficiency as the success criteria for institutional functioning in the modern world. Hursh has a manifesto, Carry It On: Fighting for progressive education in neoliberal times.
For me, right now, the internet is helping me to make sense of my experience. I’m reading about neoliberalism and globalization, thinking about what kind of society we’re creating. More to come.

Sarah Puglisi wrote,
That pretty much is the deal. Thank you.
It’s late nothing I comment will be worth much due to another cold settling in, but thank you for this. i really love how you dig, I’d read a few of these articles in your tags and wondered where you were thinking…..
My husband calls it the million dollar plan I think based on his notion of this being the current way to see yourself into a level in the global village where you can be safely and happily immunized from the rank and file….. playing test-opoly is my name for education now and so many must play learning rules as they go, only game in town…. ….but clearly the thing is to be “prepared” for the global, what is that expression, oh , yeah, economy.
From what I’ve seen this includes a lack of questioning, refusal, discourse, dialog, independent voicing, integration of data , but your choicesemantics so apt, ….by and large from what I’ve seen following, complying, violating, harming, lying seem pretty well served in the things I’m watching.It’s required daily in my teaching position in the lower rung of the feeding frenzy. At least in Underperforming dynamics…..but I could just be the child up the river. I look around though. And I notice that the kids still doing the arts, sciences, still enjoying history with things to drive them , looking at primary source documents, looking at a piece of literature, (the biggest thing I noticed was when we no longer are “allowed” to use literature to design lessons-that told me what was up), they seem to be …..wealthier. Something seems fairly straight forward about that.
But your post is about much more than that observation. Much more…. things very few want to look at.Things I don’t “get”. Because we want to “design the schools of the future” so we won’t “fall behind”. This something accepted like the “schools are failing”…. All in all who controls the rhetoric , controls the method and the means and oddly the ends.
But it would seem escape standing up for the mistakes.
That , so far, appears to be my position.
Link | January 14th, 2007 at 12:49 am
OllieBray wrote,
I really enjoyed this post Doug. As well as your observations on naive misconceptions for me first part of your post also presented some interesting questions about outdoor learning. The last time I was in Alaska I asked a number of children of school age and college students at the University of Fairbanks about the Alaskan wilderness and their access to it. I was really surprised that it seemed that not many of them had really started to explore the fantastic resource that was on their door step? This was even more surprising as I had brought a group of school children all the way from Scotland so that we might explore your fabulous State. Then I had another thought. I asked my group how many of them had explored the Scottish Highlands. Only one of the nine had actually experience the true wilderness of Scotland – yet here were in Alaska.
What’s my point? As teachers I think we are all guilty of not exploiting the resources that are on our door step and outdoor learning is a big part of this. We currently have a huge drive on outdoor learning in Scotland you might be interested in the website? http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/takinglearningoutdoors/index.asp
Link | January 14th, 2007 at 4:32 am
Doug wrote,
Sarah: Your school is farther along into the sanctions phase of the process than mine, so you see more directly the consequences - and I appreciate your reporting and commenting on that. It gives me an idea of where more of us may be if the politics don’t change. I’m thinking about the rhetoric of reform, and what that tells us about how our society views itself.
Ollie: You’re right about the contradictions of living in Alaska and being out of touch with the natural world. It’s expensive to travel off the road system here. You need to charter airplanes or own a boat to go very far. And, of course, you need to know what to do once you get out there or you might not get home. But still, there are a lot of opportunities for us to use the world right outside the window for lessons. Thanks for raising that point. Reminds me that I want to do more of it myself.
Link | January 14th, 2007 at 11:47 am
Franki wrote,
I heard Susan Ohanian and Elaine Garan (SP?) speak at NCTE in November and was almost in shock at how much I haven’t paid attention to lately. Thanks for this post. I think there are many, many teachers who are struggling to make sure we are doing what is best for our students.
Franki
Link | January 14th, 2007 at 12:48 pm
Doug wrote,
I’m familiar with Elaine Garan from a report she wrote that critiques the National Reading Panel’s research. It’s called Beyond the Smoke and Mirrors: A Critique of the National Reading Panel Report on Phonics. The report has been used to justify an emphasis on explicit and systematic phonics instruction for primary students, an interpretation that appears to be contradicted in the report itself. Garan wrote: the NRP states, “Phonics instruction appears to contribute only weakly, if at all, in helping . . . apply these skills to read text and to spell words” (Reports of the Subgroups, p. 2-116, emphasis added). This discrepancy firmly establishes the conceptual dissimilarity between proficiency in isolated skills and in those required for the more complex processes needed for comprehension.
Franki, “struggling to make sure we are doing what is best,” describes the stance of a committed and ethical teacher. We need to keep asking questions about what we’re doing. The answers aren’t in the manuals.
Link | January 14th, 2007 at 4:21 pm
Graham Wegner wrote,
Your paragraph on the choice of words and their inferred or real meanings reminded me of the lyrics to one of my favourite songs writen by Michael Frenti when he was still the frontman for the Disposable Heroes of Hiphopcrisy, “Television, Drug Of The Nation.”
…oxymoronic language like
“virtually spotless” “fresh frozen”
“light yet filling” and
“military intelligence” have become standard
T.V. is the place where phrases are redefined
like “recession” to “necessary downturn”
“crude oil” on a beach to “mousse”
“civilian death” to “collateral damages”
and being killed by your own army
is now called “friendly fire”
We have our own versions of oxymoronic language in education….
Link | January 14th, 2007 at 5:27 pm
Sarah Mcintosh Puglisi wrote,
Along the lines of this post I recommend this writer. In all of his books I learned a great deal, I think this one the best connection but some of mine are loaned out, it may be the Politics one is best. I think, Doug, you’ll love it, if that’s the right word, this a man deeply embedded in language and how it is used to shape thought. sarah
Politics of Misinformation, The (Communication, Society and Politics) (Paperback)
by Murray Edelman
The Politics of Misinformation is an examination of how concentrations of social and economic power result in public languages of politics that are necessarily image-based, vague, and misleading in their denial of undemocratic tendencies. As a result, public discourses of democracy tend to be populistic, emotional, and likely to emphasize images of progress rather than structural inequalities in their formulations of public problems. In short, neither typical problem definitions nor solutions invite critical popular understanding or involvement in democratic politics.
Link | January 14th, 2007 at 6:50 pm
Marco Polo wrote,
It seems from Doug’s post, and from the comments, that being a teacher involves, at some stage, figuring out that these kinds of questions are important. A simple litmus question is “who is ‘we’?” It is worth remembering that teachers working in an institution are employees, like factory workers: their job is to do one or more steps in an overall process. The workers think their job is to be part of making something (a car, say, or a widget). But as Robert Kiyosaki likes to ask, is Ford’s business making cars, or making money?
Read this (from a recent BBC report) and then ask yourself, do you really know who the speaker is referring to by “we” and “our”, and are you included in that group (tho you’re obviously supposed to assume you are)?
[UK Schools Minister Jim Knight] told the Bett show in London’s Olympia: “The so-called digital divide cannot be allowed to create and reinforce social and academic divisions.
“We need to come up with a sustainable solution which will work for future generations as well as this one, building on existing good practice rather than looking for a quick fix.
“I am setting up a home access taskforce which I will personally chair.
“I want this to bring together key industry players, the voluntary sector, and education representatives to look at the issues, because ICT at every child’s fingertips is not the be-all and end-all of our ambitions.”
Neal Postman is a good place to start. Some of the more revealing and insightful stuff I’ve found isn’t written by educationists at all (JT Gatto and James Herndon being a couple of luminous exceptions), but by sociologists and lit critics. Readers here are probably familiar with Matthew Apple and Henry Giroux, but if not check them out. I find neither of them easy to read, but they have greatly helped me to gain some badly needed (historical) perspective, although I think the prize goes to Noam Chomsky for the being the first to completely upset my naive little apple cart.
Link | January 14th, 2007 at 8:52 pm